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前置条件

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合约准备

本指南将使用以下示例合约： 
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.28;

contract SimpleStorage {
    string private storedData;
    address public owner;
    
    event DataStored(string data, address indexed by);
    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
    
    constructor(string memory initialData) {
        storedData = initialData;
        owner = msg.sender;
        emit DataStored(initialData, msg.sender);
    }
    
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(msg.sender == owner, "Only owner can perform this action");
        _;
    }
    
    function setData(string memory data) public onlyOwner {
        storedData = data;
        emit DataStored(data, msg.sender);
    }
    
    function getData() public view returns (string memory) {
        return storedData;
    }
    
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "New owner cannot be zero address");
        emit OwnershipTransferred(owner, newOwner);
        owner = newOwner;
    }
}

​
使用 Foundry 部署

Foundry 是一个基于 Rust 的快速 Ethereum 开发工具包。
  1. 安装 Foundry： 
    curl -L https://foundry.paradigm.xyz | bash
    你可能需要 source 你的 .bashrc 或 .zshrc 文件
  2. 设置新的 Foundry 项目： 
    foundryup
forge init my-plasma-project
cd my-plasma-project
  3. 使用 Plasma 测试网设置更新 foundry.toml： 
    [profile.default]
src = "src"
out = "out"
libs = ["lib"]
solc_version = "0.8.28"
optimizer = true
optimizer_runs = 200

[rpc_endpoints]
plasma_testnet = "https://testnet-rpc.plasma.to"
  4. 在项目根目录创建 .env 文件： 
    PRIVATE_KEY=your_private_key_here
RPC_URL=https://testnet-rpc.plasma.to
  5. 加载环境变量： 
    source .env
  6. 将合约代码保存为 src/SimpleStorage.sol，然后部署： 
    forge create src/SimpleStorage.sol:SimpleStorage \
    --rpc-url $RPC_URL \
    --private-key $PRIVATE_KEY \
    --constructor-args "Hello, Plasma!"
    Foundry 会输出部署交易哈希和合约地址： 
    [⠊] Compiling...
[⠢] Compiling 1 files with Solc 0.8.28
[⠆] Solc 0.8.28 finished in 124.81ms
Compiler run successful!
Warning: Dry run enabled, not broadcasting transaction

Contract: SimpleStorage
Transaction: {
  "from": "0xbd828f7679656f8f830b89611c933017442f2ebf",
  "to": null,
  "maxFeePerGas": "0xf",
  "maxPriorityFeePerGas": "0x1",
  "gas": "0x69f18",

[...]
  7. 使用 Foundry 的 cast 工具测试已部署的合约。先读取已存储的数据： 
    cast call 0x742d35Cc6610C7532C8582d4C371Acb1D5f44D7F \
    "getData()" \
    --rpc-url $RPC_URL
  8. 然后更新数据并再次读取： 
    # Update the stored data.
cast send 0x742d35Cc6610C7532C8582d4C371Acb1D5f44D7F \
    "setData(string)" "Updated from Foundry" \
    --private-key $PRIVATE_KEY \
    --rpc-url $RPC_URL

# Read the stored data again.
cast call 0x742d35Cc6610C7532C8582d4C371Acb1D5f44D7F \
    "getData()" \
    --rpc-url $RPC_URL
    输出类似如下： 
    blockHash            0x68fbd2aaf1de9c577869056ca634f2103fa1695673a94d8c049d0b78d3733aac
blockNumber          1200423
contractAddress
cumulativeGasUsed    21712
effectiveGasPrice    8
from                 0xBd828F7679656F8f830b89611C933017442F2EbF
gasUsed              21712
logs                 []
logsBloom            0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
root
status               1 (success)
transactionHash      0xcf5b1fcc8d19f7cf7992f6e6a8b3ade74e07afbd0da0b9fce26bda4c9503a12b
transactionIndex     0
type                 2
blobGasPrice
blobGasUsed
to                   0x742D35Cc6610c7532C8582D4C371aCb1D5F44D7F
0x

​
使用 Hardhat 部署

Hardhat 是一个功能齐全的开发框架，拥有丰富的插件支持。
  1. 请确保你具备以下条件：
  • Node.js 20+（现代 Hardhat 兼容性所需）
  • 熟悉 Ethereum 开发
  • 拥有测试网代币的钱包（参见测试网链上详情）
Hardhat 不再支持 Node.js 18 及以下版本，并可能导致 ES module 兼容性问题。
  1. 验证 Node.js 版本： 
    node --version
    如果使用的是 Node.js 18 或更低版本，请升级至 Node.js 20+： 
    # Using nvm (recommended)
nvm install 20
nvm use 20

# Or using NodeSource repository (Ubuntu/Debian)
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs
  2. 初始化一个新的 Hardhat 项目： 
    mkdir my-plasma-hardhat-project
cd my-plasma-hardhat-project
npm init -y
npm install --save-dev hardhat@latest @nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox@latest
npm install dotenv@latest ethers@latest
npx hardhat init
    如果遇到兼容性问题，请查阅 Hardhat 文档了解最新支持的版本。
    在提示时选择 Create a JavaScript project。
  3. 更新 hardhat.config.js： 
    require("@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox");
require("dotenv").config();

/** @type import('hardhat/config').HardhatUserConfig */
module.exports = {
  solidity: {
    version: "0.8.28",
    settings: {
      optimizer: {
        enabled: true,
        runs: 200
      }
    }
  },
  networks: {
    plasmaTestnet: {
      url: process.env.RPC_URL,
      chainId: 9746,
      accounts: [process.env.PRIVATE_KEY],
      gasPrice: 1000000000, // 1 gwei
    }
  },
  etherscan: {
    apiKey: {
      plasmaTestnet: process.env.ETHERSCAN_API_KEY
    },
    customChains: [
      {
        network: "plasmaTestnet",
        chainId: 9746,
        urls: {
          apiURL: "https://testnet.plasmascan.to/api",
          browserURL: "https://testnet.plasmascan.to/"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
};
  4. 在项目根目录创建 .env 文件： 
    PRIVATE_KEY=your_private_key_here
RPC_URL=https://testnet-rpc.plasma.to
ETHERSCAN_API_KEY=your_api_key_for_verification
  5. 创建 scripts 目录和部署脚本： 
    mkdir scripts
  6. 创建 scripts/deploy.js： 
    const { ethers } = require("hardhat");

async function main() {
  // Get the contract factory
  const SimpleStorage = await ethers.getContractFactory("SimpleStorage");

  console.log("Deploying SimpleStorage contract...");

  // Deploy the contract with constructor arguments
  const simpleStorage = await SimpleStorage.deploy("Hello, Plasma from Hardhat!");

  // Wait for deployment to complete
  await simpleStorage.waitForDeployment();

  const contractAddress = await simpleStorage.getAddress();
  console.log("SimpleStorage deployed to:", contractAddress);
  console.log("Transaction hash:", simpleStorage.deploymentTransaction().hash);

  // Wait a few blocks for the transaction to be included
  console.log("Waiting for block confirmations...");
  await simpleStorage.deploymentTransaction().wait(5);

  console.log("✅ Deployment completed successfully!");
}

main()
  .then(() => process.exit(0))
  .catch((error) => {
    console.error(error);
    process.exit(1);
  });
  7. 将合约代码保存为 contracts/SimpleStorage.sol，然后部署： 
    npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network plasmaTestnet
  8. 完成！

​
使用 Ethers.js 部署

Ethers.js 提供了简洁的、可编程的部署流程。
  1. 创建新项目： 
    mkdir my-plasma-ethers-project
cd my-plasma-ethers-project
npm init -y
npm install ethers dotenv solc
  2. 在项目根目录创建 .env 文件： 
    PRIVATE_KEY=<your_private_key_here>
RPC_URL=https://testnet-rpc.plasma.to
ETHERSCAN_API_KEY=your_api_key_for_verification
  3. 创建 compile.js 来编译 Solidity 合约： 
    const fs = require('fs');
const solc = require('solc');
require('dotenv').config();

// Read the contract source code.
const contractSource = fs.readFileSync('SimpleStorage.sol', 'utf8');

// Prepare the input for the Solidity compiler.
const input = {
  language: 'Solidity',
  sources: {
    'SimpleStorage.sol': {
      content: contractSource,
    },
  },
  settings: {
    outputSelection: {
      '*': {
        '*': ['*'],
      },
    },
    optimizer: {
      enabled: true,
      runs: 200,
    },
  },
};

// Compile the contract.
const output = JSON.parse(solc.compile(JSON.stringify(input)));

// Check for compilation errors.
if (output.errors) {
  output.errors.forEach((error) => {
    console.error(error.formattedMessage);
  });
}

// Extract the contract data.
const contract = output.contracts['SimpleStorage.sol']['SimpleStorage'];
const abi = contract.abi;
const bytecode = contract.evm.bytecode.object;

// Save compilation artifacts.
fs.writeFileSync('SimpleStorage.json', JSON.stringify({
  abi: abi,
  bytecode: bytecode
}, null, 2));

console.log('Contract compiled successfully!');
  4. 将你的合约保存为 SimpleStorage.sol，然后编译： 
    node compile.js
    输出如下： 
    Contract compiled successfully!
  5. 创建 deploy.js： 
    const { ethers } = require('ethers');
const fs = require('fs');
require('dotenv').config();

async function deploy() {
  // Set up provider and wallet.
  const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(process.env.RPC_URL);
  const wallet = new ethers.Wallet(process.env.PRIVATE_KEY, provider);
  
  console.log('Deploying from account:', wallet.address);
  
  // Check account balance.
  const balance = await provider.getBalance(wallet.address);
  console.log('Account balance:', ethers.formatEther(balance), 'XPL');
  
  // Load compiled contract.
  const contractData = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync('SimpleStorage.json', 'utf8'));
  
  // Create contract factory.
  const factory = new ethers.ContractFactory(
    contractData.abi,
    contractData.bytecode,
    wallet
  );
  
  // Deploy the contract.
  console.log('Deploying contract...');
  const contract = await factory.deploy("Hello, Plasma from Ethers.js!", {
    gasLimit: 500000, // Set a reasonable gas limit.
    gasPrice: ethers.parseUnits('1', 'gwei'), // 1 gwei gas price.
  });
  
  // Wait for deployment.
  await contract.waitForDeployment();
  
  const contractAddress = await contract.getAddress();
  console.log('Contract deployed to:', contractAddress);
  console.log('Transaction hash:', contract.deploymentTransaction().hash);
  
  // Save deployment info.
  const deploymentInfo = {
    contractAddress: contractAddress,
    transactionHash: contract.deploymentTransaction().hash,
    deployer: wallet.address,
    network: 'plasmaTestnet',
    timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
  };
  
  fs.writeFileSync('deployment.json', JSON.stringify(deploymentInfo, null, 2));
  
  return contract;
}

async function interact(contract) {
  console.log('\nInteracting with deployed contract...');
  
  // Read initial data.
  const initialData = await contract.getData();
  console.log('Initial data:', initialData);
  
  // Update data.
  const updateTx = await contract.setData("Updated via Ethers.js");
  await updateTx.wait();
  console.log('Data updated. Transaction hash:', updateTx.hash);
  
  // Read updated data.
  const updatedData = await contract.getData();
  console.log('Updated data:', updatedData);
  
  // Get owner.
  const owner = await contract.owner();
  console.log('Contract owner:', owner);
}

// Main execution.
deploy()
  .then(async (contract) => {
    await interact(contract);
    console.log('\nDeployment and interaction completed successfully!');
  })
  .catch((error) => {
    console.error('Error:', error);
    process.exit(1);
  });
  6. 运行部署脚本： 
    node deploy.js
    输出类似如下： 
    Deploying from account: 0xBd828F7679656F8f830b89611C933017442F2EbF
Account balance: 98539.897261933991888304 XPL
Deploying contract...
Contract deployed to: 0xf298A2A7BC526F9228B8C422D38f3c2E0D15449F
Transaction hash: 0x3d16cc55b9148bac9ac20981d9748a0fc89861c6beb92a2f869bb09b75f685b2

Interacting with deployed contract...
Initial data: Hello, Plasma from Ethers.js!
Data updated. Transaction hash: 0xe3328862ece5d0ca4ca84d25c4130d6749ec872c24bf76eea23dfa8c50c22505
Updated data: Updated via Ethers.js
Contract owner: 0xBd828F7679656F8f830b89611C933017442F2EbF

Deployment and interaction completed successfully!

​
验证部署

使用上述任一方式部署完毕后，请验证你的合约部署。

​
故障排查

​
ES Module 兼容性问题

如果遇到 Error [ERR_REQUIRE_ESM]: require() of ES Module 之类的错误，通常意味着：
  1. Node.js 版本过旧：按前置条件中所述升级到 Node.js 20+
  2. 依赖版本不匹配：如果无法升级 Node.js，可以将出问题的依赖降级： 
    npm install micro-eth-signer@0.10.0

​
Node.js 版本警告

如果看到不支持的 Node.js 版本警告： 
WARNING: You are currently using Node.js v18.19.1, which is not supported by Hardhat
请按照前置条件中的步骤升级到 Node.js 20+。

​
资金不足

Error: insufficient funds for intrinsic transaction cost
确保钱包有足够的测试网代币。访问测试网水龙头。

​
网络配置错误

Error: network with chainId "1" doesn't match the configured chainId "9746"
请确认你的网络配置与测试网链上详情一致。

​
Gas 估算失败

Error: cannot estimate gas
在部署配置中显式设置 gas 限额： 
// In your deploy script
const simpleStorage = await SimpleStorage.deploy("Hello, Plasma from Hardhat!", {
  gasLimit: 500000
});